Apparatus for erecting concrete structures.



P. WEBER.l A APPARATUS FOR ERECTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 1,1, 1909.

Patented Nov. 29

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Wi hwooza P. WEBER. I APPARATUS POB. EREGTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 11, 1909.

976,960. Patented N0v.29,1910.

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APPLICATION FILED PBB.11.1909.

Patented Nov. 29, 1910.

3 sHEBTs-SHEET 3.

To all whom it may concern:

reune waarin er unattennnw arrasar..

' APEAEATUS llt-0B ERECTII @NGRETE STRUCTURES,

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Speciale-ation of Lettera ltatent.V4 Iateltitdlllv. 29, 191@ application aree @February i1,- ieos. f senat up. erases.

Be it known that I, PETER VVErsER, a citizen of the United States, and resident of the city of .Orange county of Essex, State of New Jersey, have invented an Improvement in Apparatus for Erecting Concrete Strup-V rface of the walls be more forni.

tures, ot which the following is a specification. v l t lillyinvention has'reference to a parat'us forerecting concrete structures, an consists of certain improvements which areffully set forth in the following specification and shown in the accompanying drawings which forni a part thereof.

.'.'Iheuobject of my invention is to enable 'the construction of concrete buildings in an accurate, and at the same time, inex ensive planner, and more particularly to obvlate the necessity Jor employment of skilled labor in the actual work of forming the walls.

My invention hasV further for its object the provision of apparatus which may have such a construction ythat it may be esserlovbled `to suit various designs or shapes of Abuildings to be erected, whereby the cost heretofore required for special forms or m'olds and wasteful scaffolding may be largely eliminated, and the inishof the sur-4,

In carrying my inventionintopractice I first erect upon the ground, 'upon which'the building is to be erected, a temporary metal A framework having a series of vertical guide members'suit'ably braced together by ties V and beams, andthese guide members are so disposed as to location that they'will be parallel and, close to the outer surface of the '.wails which are ultimately molded in concrete. Adjiistably supported upon these ucrtcal members are brackets which support foot-:waysY or -platttums,.upon which the wbrlonen stand andv by which they are en-y abled't-olfollow up the Work from the outside Ihigher elevation equa-Into two and one-half feet, beginning at the bottom of the foundaperfect and uni- 4arranged in tiers two high, to enable the following operation in the building up ofthe vtransverse bolts. When this is done, the

.set of form plates, and the second casting is ,"made, raising the concrete wall to the extent fpara'llel to the outer set and connected to 5'5 them by' suitablee transverse bolts so to providea vertical space between'saidmold plates which shall equal the thickness of the wall to be formed in concrete; ,Between these mold plates lare alsoplaced 'the frames 6'0 'for the doors or windows, as the case may be,

land up to andlin contact with which the. con? vcrete 1s cast.' In such cases the frames would constitute ends to the molds. Where it is 'desired' to make the walls hollow, I provide removable tapered cores, or cores of other forms, which are temporarily placed between :the moldplates *and about which .the concrete is cast, these tapered cores bein Withdrawn when Ithe concrete is set.- In't e' case 7o of the formation of the inner= or'division Awalls between the rooms, the spaces between the'mold plates may be less, and the mold :plates themselves, will be coupled and connected'in a similar manner to the mold plates 75.

4in the outer wall. The mold plates when `coupled together may constitute a mold of 'approximately five feet high so'that each cast of concrete may extend the wall to a tion.

vThe .mold forms' are made in sections and v walls to be followed,`name'ly: Assuming one layer of forms to be in proper position and bolted together .by the transverse bolts, the cement is first cast to the height of approximately two and one-half feet and around the tapered core tubes (where the wall is to be hollow) are removed and the second set or tier of mold plates is placed upon the `first set or tier and bolted in position, and the inner and outer sets of plates are likewise bolted together by transverse bolts to prevent spreading. The tapered cores are again placed in position .between the upper of a4 further height of two and one-half feet. When this is done, the lower mold plates are disconnected from each other: and from the upper plates, the transverse boltswithdrawn and;said .plates are arrangedabbue what tthtlt'ithe upper tier ofuttold'. plates ina ,the preiious casting. `After'the niold platesfoi the upper tier are bolted together and to the plates of the lower tier, and the inner and outer mold plates connected by transverse bolts, the casting of the concrete is repeated and so on, until the propels-height ofthe wall is secured. During these casting operations the transverse bolts of the tier below coupled -with the friction ofthe lower mold plates upon the concrete, support the saidmold plates as well as the second set or upper tier of mold lateserectcd above them. In this manner tia) t'o support the mold lates, not only for the Aouter Walls, but also tor the inner walls, and

i the outer mold plates to those constituting the molds for the inner walls.v It is also evident that during these building operar tions provision may be had for forming the floors and ceilings in concrete, but this invention will be confined to the means for the erection of the walls themselves, leaving the structure of the ceilings, floors and roofs to be made in any suitable manner that may be preferred'.

l/Vhile the foregoing general statement of the nature of the invention defines the general features of my improvements, my invention comprehends details ofconstruction which, together with the above general features, will be better understood by reference jto the-drawings, in which:

Figure l is a cross sectional velevation of a concrete structure and apparatus for its construction embodying my improvements; Fig. l2 is a side elevation of a portion 'of the same; Fig. 3 is a sectional plan View of a portion of the same; Fig. 4 is an enlarged elevation showing my improvements in de-v tail; Fig. o -is a sectional elevation of the same on line Fig. 6 is a plan view of the same, and Fi'g. 7 is a lplan view of details on a larger scale showing the mannerof supporting the tapered mold tubes or cores.

` A selection haviirgl been made upon which to erect the house, a suitable excavation is t' made and the concrete foundations built thereon 1n any suitable manner, as lndicated at 11 in Fig. 1. VVhe'n this is done, there is erected about the said foundations an upright frame work or scaffolding of steel beams and rods. More specifically, this superstructure consists of upright channel beams 2 secured together at intervals by spacing bolts 2a, or otherwise, so that there is a slot between the two uprights as indicated niore fully in Fig. 6. These upright 'channel irdns 2 may rest upon foot plates 3 e concrete itself is relied upon ot' stone, wood or metal. rlheupriglits 2 are arranged at a distance o'f'ahout three inches from thc outer lace of the concrete wall. The v maybe connected or braced by longitudinal tic-bolts 34 inclosed in spacing tubes 33, and. also by transverse temporary tiebolts 8 (Fig. l), which latter are employed and adjusted adjacent to the actual-work of casting the wall, as more fully" explained hereinafter. To the' extreme upper ends of the upright beams 2 may be secured cross beams 4 extending entirely across the building. and providing overhai'iging portions 5 to which hooks (3 may be attached as a support t'or block and tackle devices 7 of any suitable character for lifting the materials to the level where they are to be employed.

'To provide platforms upon which the work men may stand during the 'operation of building the walls, brackets 9 may be ad' justably bolted to the upright beams 2 at 19, and these brackets may support or be secured to timbers 10 which extend., from t bracket to bracket, and constitute platforms for the workmen. The bolts 19 extend through the slots between the adjacent beams 22, so that said brackets may be adjusted vertically to any position desired so as to follow the work upward as it progresses. In F lgs. 1 and 2 the concrete building is completed about two-thirds ,upward and consists of the outer concrete walls 14,

the inner concrete' Walls 1GA dividing the rooms, and the combined ioors and ceilings 17 and 18. The parts 15 represent doors or windowsand constitute framings which are held in place by the concrete. The parts 13 represent hollow parts or spaces within the walls forllightening them, and at the same time for forming vent passages :t'rom the bottom to the top. To prevent the upright beams 2 from spreading at the bottom they may be bolted to the concrete foundation by bolts 12 and suitable spacing blocks between, as clearly indicated in Fig. 1. As the work progresses upward, and where the castingof the concrete is at considerable distance above the ground, the upright beams may, if desired, be tied to the concrete walls by, additional bolts and spacing blocks 12, as also clearly indicated in Fig. 1 vIn this manner the'upright beams 2 are maintained -in vertical form by being held against springing outward under any outward strains which might be put upon them. The manner of molding the wallsis the same from the foundation upward, and therefore, a description of the manner of molding at the levels-indicated in Figs.` 1 and 2 will suttce i for all portions of said walls, as the` building up of the wall is accomplished by repetitions of the same molding operations.

20 represents mold plates which are all substantially alike, and are bolted together.. to form an outer shell which would be guidwhere there would be also constructed inner concrete walls 16 between the rooms, the in'- ner shell of the plate 4with similar plates 20b to form molds in which to cast the inner wall 16, as will very clearly be understood by reference to Figs. 'land 3. All of the plates 2() and 20h are ot' similar construction, and the shorter p crete wall itself.

plates 20a are also of. similar construction excepting as to their length, and consequently, it is only a matter of adjusting these plates oneto the other and bolting them'in posij tion to enable the mold in which to cast the concrete to be made Ito suit-any general plan of the building. These various mold plates 20, 20, and 20b consist of flat or other surfaced lates provided on their outer edges .with lip -Said lplates may have t-heir flanges butted toget er. and be secured inV built-up Vforms bolts 23 placed in the notches 22. By employing-notches it is not necessary to remove the nuts from'the bolts when it is desired to detach the plates. These mold plates may be provided with handles 2/l-of any uitable construction by which they may be ifted or adjusted 4by the workmen. ".th'ese mold plates are, during the casting e various figures, and from Fig. 5 it will be seen that the lower tier will be inclosing -theconcrete wall 14 last cast, and it will also be noted that this lower tier-of plates l20 TWill be held to the concrete and supported by it byv transverse bolts 25 which passentirely through the concrete at the corners oi the plates 20. yIt is evident that these bolts might be arranged to pass through any .of -lft will also be observed from Eig. 5 that the up )er tier of mold plates 20 are bolted upon the lower tier icy-bolts 23 and consti- `tute au open mold in which the fresh concrete is to be cast. No matter h ow high up on' the wall the Casting operation'is being carried on, the upper" tier ormold will be supported upon the lower .tiers andthe con- After the ooncrete is cast to the llevel of the upper partpof the upper plates 20, and set so as to firmly support the said plaies, the bolts 23 connecting the lower plates with the upper plates are' removed, and also the bolts 23 connecting the adjacent plates. The nuts ofthe-'bolts 25 are then 'removed and thelower plates 20 withdrawn and then placed on top of whatvwere the former upper plates and secured in ,po-

'sition to tori-n a new mold forl anothel`Seo-Y tlnn of the wail. When this last adjustment" 20 will be combined* anges 21 having notches 22, so that olpe'ration, built in two tiers, as indicated in t i er portion of the plates 20 ifso desired.

is accomplished, the parts will be in the position indicated in Figs. 4 and 5; It is,.of bourse, understood that after plates 20 have been placed in the elevated position to form a new mold above the concrete wall the transverse bolts 25 may be driven from the concrete and again placed in .position between the opposite plates 20 and the nuts 'applied'to prevent them spreading, and also to provide proper support for said plates after casting and when removing the lower plates to build up the mold once more.

Where it is desired that the walls 14 shall l be made hollow, this may be accomplished by inserting in removable core pieces around which the concrete is cast. form preferred, because lof its simplicity, I make these cores of tapered tubes 27 and 4support themY in rows between the inner and outer plates.20, and labout. which cores the concrete may be cast. When the concrete is sufiiciently set these tubular cores may be withdrawn. The same cores 27 may be used over andl over again with each new casting of the upper section of the, wall. To revent the flow'of the concrete in to the hollow spaces 13 and below, and previously formed by the same cores, I may provide thin sheet metal plates 26 covering the previously formed holes 13 at the top. It is, of course, evident that these plates may he solid, and thereby *give4 to the wall a cellular structure In the particularv or they maybe perforated to enable the space 13 to have communication from the bottom to the top of the wall.

As a simple means of adjusting and supporting the top of theframes 29 tapered cores I may provide the upper plates 20 with adjustable consisting of longitudinal' slotted lbars 30 adjustably clamped to slotted brackets 31 boltedfby bolts 32 to the slotted portions of the upper flanges 21 of the plates 20; and provide further, transverse pins 28 extending through theopposite slotted bars 30 and upon which pins are suspended or supported the tapered tubular cores 27.'

This construct-ion for supporting the cores is fully illustrated in Figs. 4, 5 and'7. v

While I have shown the simplest form of cores, it is to be understood that cores, col-- lapsible or otherwise, may be employed for it so desired, andV forming hollow walls therefore, while preferring the form of core shown I do not restrict. myself thereto. It is also evident that by `the construction of core and support 4therefor herein illustrated,

I'may form the tubular spaoes 13 as close together or far apart as desired, Ato suit the requirements as to lightness and ventilation.

Where the outer plates 20 meet to form the corner of the buildingit will' not be convenient to bolt them to ether, and consefluently at these places tnem Uy flange on prefer to Vconnect las t suitable Clamps A35 by which the -one of the plates may eleuuped against the molding face of the other plate as clearly indicatedy in Fig. G.

In those spaces of the walls, whether the outer walls 14 or the inner walls 1G, where the windows or doors are to be provided, I form the frame of the window or door, whether of .wood ormetal, of the width of the wall, so that it clamped between the innerand louter plates 2O or between two opposing'plates 20,.as indicated in Figs 2, 8 andl (i, and cast the concrete up against. the

said frame as an end of the mold. Dovetailed portions may'extend from the said window or door frames around which the concrete may How and set to hold them rigidly to the concrete as shown more fully in Fig. vo, and as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1. It will be understood that the bolts 8 -for connecting the opposite vertical beams 2 would be adjusted from time to time so as to be at all times just above the mold plates mand adjacent to the fresh concrete 'being cast, as'indicated -in Fig. 1, the function of said bolts being to take up the outward 'strain whichmight be put upon th'e upright beams' 2 due to the outward pressure ofl the concrete and the strains which would be caused by the heavy mold plates wherethey extend entirely across the building in forming the inner walls.

It will be understood .that by use of my improved apparatus, a building of any reasonable height may be constructed and without the necessity of en'iploying an excessively large plant for mixing and supplying the concrete, nor in requiringthe employment of a large number of men, as is necessary where the complete walls of the house are all cast'at one operation, Furthermore, by employing a systematic arrangement of parts whereby accuracy and adaptability of the same maybe hadto suit any shaped house, it is possiblev tosecure the finest results with the employment of the least number of men, and moreover, with men of less skill since it is practically impossible to make an error in erecting the walls of a building with'the employment of devices of the character hereinl set out.

By the employment of a superstructure or frame-work within which and by means of framework The great advantage of its use lies in the fact that it not only insures accuracy in the erection o lthe building, but also facilitates such erection and, in connection with the mold v-platesand the method of manipulation, permits the employment of less experienced labor than otherwise would be necessary in accomplishing the erection -of any given building.

While I have described the construction 'of apparatus which I prefer, it is to be understood thatl the details thereof may be modified without departing from the spirit of the invention. e

Having now described my invention what I claimjas new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In apparatus for erecting concrete structures, the combination of a temporary vframing comprising. a series of upright members forming vertical guides connected and braced together and arranged to.provi de an unobstructed space'bounded by the said temporary framing within which the building is to be constructed,and mold forms arranged within the'said space bounded by the upright members and guided and supported thereby and consisting of two tiers of molds, each tier composed of a series of detachable mold plates connected end to end, andthe 'plates of the two tiers connected respectively by their tops'and bottoms and arranged to be alternately secured to. and above each other as height. f

2. In apparatus for v structures, the combination' of a temporary framing comprising a series of upright members forming vertical guides connected and braced together and 'arranged to provide an unobstructed space bounded by the said .temporary framing within which the building is to be constructed, vertically adjustable brackets adjustably secured to the upright members of the temporary framing upon the outside of the upright supports u on which the mold forms are guided, platf-Ldrms supported by `the brackets, and mold forms arranged within .the said space bounded bythe upright members and guided and supported thereby and o bnsisting of two tiers of molds, each tier conny-posed of-a series `of detachable mold plates "connected end to end, and the erecting concrete the concrete wall is increased in ilo plates of the two tiers connected respectively Y by their' tops and b`ottoms and arranged to be valternately secured to and above each concrete wall is increased in height.

3. Inv apparatus for erectingconcrete structures, the combination of a temporary framing comprisinga series of upright members forming vertical guides Connected .and braced together and arranged tov provide an unobstructed space bounded by the -said temporary framing within which .the building is to be constructed, vertically adjustable plat- `,forms eXtendingfrom/and supported by said ing is to be constructed, 'l5

arance pright Vguide members in an outward diection away from the framing as a whole, and adjustable. sectional mold forms arranged within the space bounded by the temporary framing and guided in a vertical direction upon the upright members thereof. 4. In apparatus for erecting concrete structures, the combination of a temporary framing comprisinga series of upright members forming vertical guides connected and braced together and arranged to provide an unobstructed space bounded by the said temporary framing Within which the buildvertically. adjustable platforms extending from and supported by said upright guide members in an outward direction away from the framing asa whole, adjustable sectional mold forms arranged within the space bounded by the temporary framing and guided in a vertical ldirectionupon the upright members thereofj and additional mold forms for the interior walls of the building extending across the space boundedvby the uprights of the temporary framing and. connected at their ends to the mold forms guided upon the said upright members.

5. A mold plate for molding concrete walls which. consists of a rectangular cast metal plate dat on one face and bounded by outwardly extending top, flanges directed away from the flat face, each of said flanges being provided with .notches opening to the edges thereof for detachably receiving ,the clal'nping bolts in the general plane of the plate as a whole, and said plate also having transverse holes extending through its iat surface at a distanceyfrom each corner for receiving trans-' verse bolts. Y `b. In apparatus for erectlng concrete structures, a temporary framing arranged about'the building being' erected and consisting of a series of uprightmembers act` ing as vertical guides for tle mold forms each comprising oppositelyV acing. channel irons secured together so as t'o provide a slot between them,1tie bolts connecting the adjacent upright members, a series of mold plates connected end to end and guided in 'a vertical direction against and by the inner iianges of the channel iron uprights, a sec,

ond set of mold .plates connected end to end and arran ed parallel to the first mentioned set of ino dplates to form a space to be filled by concrete corresponding to the thickness of the wall to be formed, and bolts extending through the two setspf mold plates and also through the vertical 'slot formed in Athe uprightmembers for sustaining the mold plates from the uprights and permitting of vertical adjustment during the' molding operation.

7. In apparatus for erecting concrete structures,- a temporary` `framing arranged 4bottom and side j abuut the building being erected andeo'ny sistmggof a series of upright members acting as vertical'guides for the mold forms each comprising oppositely facing channel irons secured-together so as to'provide a slot 7c between them, tie bolts connecting the adjacent upright members,a series of mold plates connected end to end and ided in a vertical direction against andu by the inner ianges of the channel iron uprights, a secj ond set of mold plates connected end to end and arranged parallelto the iirst mentioned set of mold plates to form a space to be filled by concrete corresponding to the thickness of the wall to be the brackets upon the of inner and outer sets of mold plates 'orm- 95 ing a wall mold between them, inwardly directed adjustable brackets 3l clamped to the. upper edges of the mold plates and extending vover the space to be occupied by the wall, longitudinally slotted' bars 30 adjust- 10G ablyclamped upon the ends of the brackets, transverse pins 28 extending between Ithe slotted bars andl supported thereby, and a series of core tubes 27 suspended within the space between the mold the ltransverse pins and about which the concrete wall is formed.

9. In concrete molding structures', the combination of outer mold plate vsections detachably connected side by side to form the outer surface of the outer wall of the building, inner mold plate sections detachably connected side byside and arranged parallel to the outer mold plates so as to forni the' inner surface of tl ve outer wall of the building, detachable t'ansverse bolts extending through and connecting the opposing parallel mold plateswhereby said mold plates `are sustained against spreading apart during the casting of the concrete wall after being formed between them, and open frames l5 forming the windows and doors having a` thickness equal to the spa-ce between 'the inner and outer mold plates and directly clamped between said plates to form ends to themolds to limitthe tiow of the concrete j and subsequently left in position to .torni door or window :t1 mes when the mold plates are removed fr the wall..

10. A mold plate for molding' cene-rete tormed, bolts extendso ing through the two sets of mold plates'and j also through the vertical slot formed in the uring the molding op- 85 portions of the upright 9 0 plates by means of 105 walls Consisting of a rectangular plate flat face and within the space bounded by the on one side and having bounding flanges flanges. l() extending from the other Side adjacentt-o In testimony of.\vl1iel1 invention, I hereits edges and shaped to receive clamping i unto set my hand. bolts, and said 'plate also having transverse PETER WEBER. holes through ite body near each corner andl i Vitnesses:

also having hzindle portions extending froinl' E. L, AIKE'Nj, the body of the plate opposite to its flanged GHAS. SCHIFFL. 

